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RoboticsHumanoid locomotionStory 02

A humanoid learns to run on sand

What changedResearchers trained a humanoid with a three-dimensional model of how feet push through granular material, then identified terrain properties on the fly. The controller transferred to hardware across basalt, dry sand and beach sand without retraining for each surface. It is a useful example of simulation becoming more specific about the material that makes real locomotion difficult.

Humanoid robot walking over loose granular terrain during a hardware test

The useful part

Why it matters

Loose ground changes under every step, so success there is a stronger test of adaptation than another flat laboratory floor.

Worth doing

What to do next

Look closely at speed, fall recovery and the range of tested moisture and grain conditions before generalizing to outdoor deployment.

Keep in mind

Good to know

The physical tests cover a small set of prepared materials and do not establish robust operation across natural terrain.

Evidence

Primary source

Granular locomotion authors

Read the complete 10 September 2026 edition